This chapter examines how musical perception emerges during the prenatal period and early infancy. It describes the main experimental methods through which responses to pitch, intervals, rhythm, tempo, and timbre are studied and shows how these findings gradually produce a more reliable account of early auditory development. The chapter emphasizes that the infant is not simply a passive receiver of sound but develops sensitivity to different musical structures from the outset. In this way, it connects research on hearing, attention, and recognition with the broader question of how musical development begins and what music education ought to take into account. Early perception thus appears not as a peripheral issue but as a foundational theme in the psychology of musical development.